分别以石墨/活性炭/炭黑/碳纳米管为原料,采用丝网印刷技术制备染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的对电极.分析比较了各原料的孔结构、比表面积及各原料制膜的方块电阻对组装电池性能的影响.结果表明,对于制备DSSC对电极的原料而言,孔尺寸要有一定的分布范围,孔形状要求口径大于或至少等于体径；比表面积并非越大越好,还应考虑其内部孔结构；制膜的方块电阻并非是影响电池性能的决定性因素.另外,原料的颗粒形状及排布方式也影响电池的性能.笔者以比表面积31.163m2·g-1、方块电阻12.5Ω/□的碳纳米管所制碳膜组装的电池性能最佳,光电转化效率达5.87％.
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