采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观测了9种钢的马氏体形貌.详细地论述了铁合金中,双色束状马氏体(低碳马氏体)、单色束状马氏体(中和高碳马氏体)、蝶状马氏体、透镜状马氏体、粗大薄片马氏体、枝干状马氏体等马氏体类型的形成原因.提出形核和生长激活能是决定马氏体各种形态出现的根源,其中界面能在形核激活能中所占的比例对低碳马氏体和枝干状马氏体的生成起着决定性的作用.认为共格相变产物的最小单元只可能是两种形态:板状和片状.各类马氏体的形核长大的方式也只有两种:1)小角差形核长大；2)孪晶关系形核长大.马氏体形核和长大的基本原则是增大同惯习面平行的界面,尽量减少其它界面.讨论了决定形核激活能和生长激活能的主要因素,对马氏体片状外形和内孪晶的形成提出了新见解；片状马氏体中具有内孪晶并不意味着滑移的临界分切应力超过了孪生临界分切应力；在马氏体中没有进行不均匀切变,产生孪生塑性形变.最后,认为:“马氏体切变理论”不符合马氏体相变的实际；将马氏体的片状外形和内孪晶视为马氏体高脆性的根源纯粹是“马氏体切变说”造成的人为偏见.
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