为降低纳米SiO2的制备成本,以稻壳为原料,经盐酸预处理、高温燃烧,成功制得了高纯纳米SiO2.通过正交实验和BP神经网络系统研究盐酸体积分数、燃烧温度和燃烧时间的变化对SiO2纯度的影响规律,并采用XRD、FT-IR、BET及FE-SEM对所得到的SiO2样品进行表征.研究表明:影响SiO2纯度的主次因素依次为燃烧温度>盐酸体积分数>燃烧时间,模型优选确定稻壳制备高纯纳米SiO2的最佳工艺为盐酸体积分数4.5%、燃烧温度697℃、燃烧时间5 h,在此条件下得到的SiO2纯度可达99.45%,与模型预测值99.58%的相对误差仅为0.13%.由稻壳制备的SiO2具有无定形多孔结构,平均粒径为80 nm,比表面积为243 m2/g,孔径分布在2-10 nm,平均孔径5.60 nm.
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