进行碳钢在5%、10%、15%、20%、25%的NaCl水溶液和西部盐湖卤水溶液中腐蚀速率随时间变化的跟踪试验研究时发现:碳钢在盐湖卤水初期腐蚀速率较高,与5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀速率接近,随着试验的继续进行腐蚀速率迅速下降至低于所有浓度的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀率,经过410 d的全浸试验,碳钢表面无明显红锈.为研究碳钢在盐湖卤水中的这一异常现象,采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD),分别从宏观、微观角度对其腐蚀后的形貌与结构进行研究;同时采用电化学方法研究了溶解氧对碳钢在盐湖卤水中腐蚀行为的影响.研究表明:(1)碳钢在盐湖卤水0～40 d左右的腐蚀速度非常快,没有铁锈生成,已显现出清晰的铁素体与珠光体相,呈现出一种"选择性"腐蚀,这个时期的腐蚀速率与溶液中氧含量关系不大;(2)碳钢在盐湖水里50～70 d发生一种类似抛光作用;(3)碳钢在盐湖卤水70 d左右发生明显的局部腐蚀,这个时期碳钢在盐湖卤水中的腐蚀速率依然与溶液中氧含量关系不大.
The variation of corrosion rate with time is studied when the carbon steel is immersed either in 5%,10%, 15%, 20% and 25% NaCl water solution or in saline lake brine in west China. The result shows that the carbon steel undergoes a rapid corrosion in Saline Lake Brine at the beginning. Its corrosion rate is almost as high as that produced by immersing the carbon steel in 5%NaCl water solution. As time increases, the corrosion rate drops dramatically and is lower than all the corrosion rates in different water solution with different NaCl concen-tration. After 410-day immersion, the carbon steel's surface shows no apparent red rust. In order to find out the truth of this unusual phenomenon, by using SEM, EDS and XRD, the corroded surface and its structure are studied macroscopically and microscopically. Meantime, the effect of dissolved oxygen on the carbon steel's corrosion in saline lake brine is also studied. The research shows that the corrosion happens at a rapid speed in the period of 0 to 40 days when the carbon steel is immersed in saline lake brine. There is no rust and the clear ferrite and pearlite phase, appear indicating a selective corrosion. In this stage the corrosion rate is not closely related to the oxygen content in the solution. The research also shows that the carbon steel undergoes something like polishing performance in the next 10 to 30 days in saline lake brine and after about 70 days, the carbon steel shows apparent local corrosion, but the corrosion rate in saline lake brine is still not related closely to the oxygen content in the solution.
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