地下水中硝酸盐的污染已引起人们普遍的关注,催化还原硝酸盐技术被认为是一项有发展前景的脱除硝酸盐工艺. 利用Pd-Cu/γ-Al2O3悬浮态催化剂和管状陶瓷催化膜,在间歇式完全混合反应器中对脱除地下水中硝酸盐进行了研究,考察了催化剂、硝酸盐初始浓度、H2流量对还原反应的影响. 结果表明,Pd-Cu/γ-Al2O3可有效地脱除硝酸盐,总氮的脱除率可达81%; 同时,催化剂的活性和选择性受到扩散限制和质量传输的影响. 与悬浮态催化剂相比,管状陶瓷催化膜可提供固-液-气三相之间有效的接触,在很大程度上提高了催化反应的选择性,对氮的选择性由73.4%提高到89.4%. 这是一项有效、实用的催化还原技术,尤其适用于小型水厂以及没有统一供水系统而是自家开采地下水作为饮用水源的农村地区.
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