采用ANSYS有限元分析软件,建立12 mm厚TC4钛合金平板电子束焊接温度场和应力场的三维有限元数值计算模型.模型采用圆锥体热源考虑电子束焊接时的小孔效应;材料的热学、力学性能参数随温度变化;相变和熔池内液体的对流散热通过比热和热导率的变化实现.计算结果表明:钛合金电子束焊接时,熔池呈典型的卵形分布.高值纵向残余拉应力集中分布在焊缝中心线两侧距焊缝中心线4 mm的区域内,平板内部出现接近材料屈服极限的局部三维残余拉应力状态.实验得到的焊缝宏观形貌和小孔释放法检测到的焊接残余应力对计算结果进行验证,实验结果和计算结果吻合较好,证明了有限元模型的正确性.
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