以内蒙古优质褐煤为原料,KOH为活化剂,采用微波加热活化法制备超级电容器用活性炭,利用低温氮气吸附及恒流充放电、循环伏安等方法测定活性炭的孔结构及其用作电极材料的电化学性能,并与日本商业化超级电容器用活性炭在结构及性能方面进行对比分析.结果表明,在碱炭比为3,微波活化时间为20 min的条件下,可制备出比表面积达2593 m2/g、总孔容达1.685 cm3/g、孔径主要分布在0.5～10 nm之间、中孔率达67.3％、平均孔径为2.61 nm的优质活性炭.该活性炭用作超级电容器电极材料在3mol/L KOH电解液中具有优异的电化学性能,电流密度由50mA/g提高到10 A/g时,其比电容由346F/g降低到273 F/g,显示出良好的功率特性,经1000次循环后,比电容保持率为93.2％.与商业活性炭相比,微波法活性炭的性能更加优良.
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