工程构件普遍承受疲劳载荷,从而导致疲劳失效.针对由316L不锈钢制成的标准紧凑拉伸试样,开展了一系列疲劳裂纹扩展试验.试验内容包括不同应力比下的常幅加载和在常幅加载过程中引入单个拉伸过载峰.试验结果表明:316L不锈钢具有很强的应力比效应,裂纹扩展速率随应力比的增大而增大.在引入单个拉伸过载峰后,观察到出现迟滞效应前发生了短暂的加速扩展现象.通过一种新的双参数模型来描述材料的应力比效应,并使用改进的Wheeler模型对过载后的裂纹扩展行为进行预测.预测结果表明:该方法能够更好地描述不同工况下316L不锈钢的疲劳裂纹扩展行为.
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