光子晶体是电子晶体的光学相似物,它是一种周期性的介电结构物,根据晶体的对称性,其介电常数在空间是变化的.三维光子晶体具有完全的光子带隙,在该结构中某一能量范围,光子不能在任一方向传播,这种光学特性在科学上有重要的应用价值.阐述了三维光子晶体结构具有潜在的光学特性,介绍了一些制备方法和存在的难题,以及对未来三维光子晶体的展望.
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