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根据强流脉冲电子束表面合金化的特点,建立了相应的数学物理模型,以3Cr2W8V模具材料为基体,以Al为合金化元素,对电子束照射材料表面所产的热应力进行了数值模拟,并将数值模拟分析结果与实验结果进行了对比分析,结果表明:有限元模拟显示3Cr2W8V电子束合金化Al样品(Al层厚度t=2 μm)冷却后的表层4μm范围内的点残余拉应力达到材料的屈服极限750 MPa,理论上材料将发生屈服.通过金相观察,样品表面有大量熔坑形貌,但并未出现明显裂纹,说明3Cr2W8V样品表面屈服形式主要为熔坑.另外,3Cr2W8V材料表层10 μm范围内主要受残余拉应力,残余拉应力大小约为650 ~ 750 MPa.随着深度的增加,残余拉应力值急剧减小,并在距离表层20μm处受最大残余压应力,最大残余压应力值约为120 MPa,并随着深度的继续增加,残余压应力值缓慢减小.

参考文献

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