通过大量文献并结合自己的工作,以NH3在催化剂表面的阶段氧化脱氢为主线,分析归纳了选择性催化还原(SCR)反应机理和该体系中可能发生的NH3氧化副反应机理的联系和共性.对于V2O5/TiO2催化剂,大部分学者认为SCR反应与Br(o)nsted酸性位上的NH+4有关,中间体为NH+3(ads);而少数学者认为SCR反应与Lewis酸性位上的NH3有关,中间体为NH2(ads).对于其它SCR催化剂,普遍认可L酸性位上NH3活化脱氢形成的NH2(ads)既是SCR反应中间体,也是NH3氧化生成N2的中间体;NH3氧化生成N2O和NO的反应源于NH2(ads)的进一步脱氢.尽管有关SCR反应中NH3的吸附位存在分歧,但从NH3吸附后活化的角度看, NH3无论吸附在L酸性位还是B酸性位,都先经过阶段氧化脱氢,然后再参与SCR反应.由于反应中生成的H2O可能导致L酸向B酸转化,且该转化受反应温度影响,因此不同酸性位机理可能没有本质区别, SCR反应关键是NH3吸附位的氧化性.SCR活性取决于NH3在催化剂表面的吸附量和阶段氧化程度.催化剂应能吸附足够的NH3, 这与其表面酸碱性有关;吸附的NH3要能被活化脱氢且程度不宜太高,这与表面氧化还原性有关.反应温度也会影响NH3的吸附量和活化程度,因此开发高效SCR脱硝催化剂的关键是根据反应温度调控其表面酸性和吸附位的氧化性.
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