大塑性变形(Severe Plastic Deformation,SPD)具有将粗晶材料的晶粒细化到纳米量级的巨大潜力,近年来已经引起人们的极大关注.介绍了几种大塑性变形制备纳米晶材料的方法和原理,如往复挤压、等通道角挤压、高压扭转变形、叠轧、往复折皱-压直等,分析了SPD纳米晶材料的强度与韧性、超塑性、热稳定性等性能,以及当前研究中存在的主要问题,并展望了大塑性变形的应用前景.
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