石墨易切削钢是顺应易切削无铅、低硫这一发展趋势而产生.具有亚共析成分的钢种其石墨化过程一直较难,因此开发该钢种的关键是促进其石墨化过程.研究表明,通过合理的成分设计和工艺处理,可以在较短的时间内钢中C原子的石墨化.石墨化退火时,C原子除了能在析出相上形成石墨外,还能自发形核及长大形成石墨.经石墨化退火后,试验钢的组织主要由铁素体+石墨+少量渗碳体组成,其中,石墨粒子的尺寸较为细小,分布也较为均匀,渗碳体主要以球状的形式分布铁素体晶粒晶界及晶内.抗拉强度和伸长率分别为595 MPa和33％,表现较高的强度和较好的塑性.
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