微纳马达是指尺寸在纳米或者微米级别的,可以运动的,具备特殊功能或能执行微观体系任务的器件.由于其在化学,环境以及生物医药领域都具有良好的应用前景,因此,微纳马达已成为当今纳米工程领域一个重要的前沿研究方向.近几年来,微纳马达发展迅速,其制备方法和应用领域均得了很大进展.基于微纳马达不同的运动机理,建立了多种低成本易操作的制备方法,出现了各种不同形状不同功能的微纳马达.这些微纳马达在诸如物质识别,蛋白质传递,DNA识别,癌细胞捕捉,细菌隔离,油污处理等方面的应用被相继报道,并引起了人们的巨大兴趣.如何精确调控微纳马达的运动行为,使其在微观系统中完成各种复杂的任务已成为当今微纳马达研究的发展趋势.本文就微纳马达的分类、工作原理、制备方法及其应用进行了全面介绍,以期促进我国今后在该领域的研究.
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