纳米颗粒具有优异的物理化学性质,是各种超结构材料最为重要的构造基元.作为一种“自下而上”的制备方法,模板自组装技术可以控制纳米颗粒在自组装超结构材料中的位置和排列顺序,尤其适用于制备规整、多组分、结构复杂的自组装体系.介绍了纳米颗粒自组装方法中常用的模板,以及利用这些模板实现纳米颗粒自组装的一般过程.强调了纳米颗粒与模板之间的物理、化学作用,从本质上阐明模板自组装方法,为制备功能性复杂纳米颗粒自组装材料提供了有益的借鉴.
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