以巯基乙酸(TGA)为稳定剂,在加热回流氮气保护条件下制备CdTe量子点,用荧光分光光度计、透射电子显微镜和X射线粉末衍射仪对CdTe量子点进行表征.以该量子点为荧光探针,完善荧光淬灭法测定Cu2+、Hg2和Ag+等重金属离子的方法.考察缓冲溶液的pH值、反应时间、量子点浓度、量子点的稳定性和干扰离子等多种因素对重金属离子测定的影响.在pH值为6.2的三羟甲基氨基甲烷(tris)-盐酸缓冲溶液中,当量子点的浓度为4.2×10-2 μg/L和反应时间为30 min时,测得Cu2、Hg2+和Ag+的线性区间分别为2.3 ～250 μg、3.2～300 μg和4.3～ 150μg,检测下限分别为0.28 μg/L、0.53 μg/L和0.35 μg/L.并发现只有当所测量的重金属离子能与所采用的量子点能生成更难溶于水的沉淀才能引起量子点的荧光淬火,从而可以对此类重金属离子进行定量检测.
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