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层层组装是一种基于物质交替沉积而制备复合膜的方法，可以实现膜的结构和组成的精确调控。层层组装通常被认为是超薄膜的构筑方法。与超薄膜相比，微米或亚微米的厚膜更容易实现高的负载、微纳复合结构的调控、多功能集成以及赋予膜更高的稳定性。以作者的研究结果为基础，阐明TN用大尺度的构筑基元，包括聚合物复合物、大尺度的无机粒子以及聚集的粒子，可以方便地实现微米厚度的层层组装膜的快速构筑。以快速构筑的厚膜为功能载体，实现了层层组装膜的自修复、高负载、细胞可控粘附及多功能集成。进一步，将层层组装厚膜从基底上剥离制备了自支持膜，拓展了层层组装膜的功能。

The layer-by-layer （LbL） assembly, which involves alternate deposition of species with complementary groups, has been demonstrated to be a convenient and versatile method to fabricate functional film materials with precise control of the chemical composition and structure. The LbL assembly is usually employed as a method for uhrathin film fabrication. Compared with uhrathin films, the LbL assembled films with micrometer-thickness have the irreplaceable ad- vantages of high loading capacity, enhanced mechanical robustness, convenience in tailoring micro- and nanosealed hierar- chical structures and integrating multiple functions into one film. We demonstrate herein that building blocks with large di- mensions, including polymeric complexes, large-sized inorganic particles and particle aggregates, can be LbL assembled to rapidly fabricate micrometer-thick composite films. Composite films with high loading capacity, self-healing ability, ca- pable of controlling cell adhesion and integrating multiple functions and so forth were rapidly fabricated by LbL assembly of building blocks of large dimensions. Furthermore, the LbL assembled thick films can be exfoliated from substrates to pro- duce highly stable free-standing films, which enrich largely the functionalities of the LbL assembled films.