介绍了星型聚合物的合成技术路线以及活性离子聚合法、原子转移自由基聚合法、开环聚合法、自组装法和联结反应法等新型合成方法。阐述了星型聚合物的应用进展。第三代至第七代的聚酰胺-胺星型聚合物在体内的毒性很低;聚乳酸星型聚合物可作为药物释放控制剂;在聚合物共混中作为添加剂,可提高其它聚合物的热稳定性、韧性和染色能力;支链数目为4的星型聚合物防蜡率达40.5%;3.0代聚酰胺-胺星型聚醚原油破乳剂对O/W型模拟原油乳液的脱水率达到92%以上。
As the simplest nonlinear polymers,star-shaped copolymers have become a research hotspot due to their unique structure,good properties and wide applications.The synthetic approaches,methods and applications of star-shaped copolymers were reviewed.Synthesis reactions of star-shaped copolymers include anionic polymerization mechanism,atom transfer radical polymerization,ring opening polymerization,self-assembled method and coupling reaction.The 3 to 7 G star-shaped copolymers have a low toxicity in human body.The star-shaped copolymer of polylactide can be used as the controlling agent for drug release.The star-shaped copolymer added into other polymers can improve their thermal stability,toughness and dyeing.When the rate of polar group in star-shaped copolymer is 4,the inhibiting paraffin effect reaches 40.5%.The 3.0 G star-shaped PAMAM polyether demulsifier shows good demulsification performance with the dehydration rate reaching 92% for crude oil emulsion.
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