用X射线衍射技术研究了304奥氏体不锈钢变形诱发马氏体相变倾向对成分的敏感性。在液氮内的拉伸结果表明： C、Mn、Cr和Ni的含量从标准范围的上限降到下限，显著增大形变诱发马氏体相变倾向和形变强化能力，尤其是C、Mn、Cr和Ni的含量接近下限的钢在室温下拉伸形成ε马氏体和α′马氏体，其中α′马氏体快速形成使流变应力迅速上升；此外发现，在液氮温度下，变形早期ε马氏体与α′马氏体同时存在，α′马氏体的体积分数累积到约70%后，ε马氏体消失。
By means of Xray diffraction technique, the effect of C, Cr, Ni and Mn on deformationinduced martensite transformation in 304 austenitic stainless steel was investigated. It was confirmed by tensile test at liquid nitrogen temperature that the change of C, Cr, Ni and Mn from upper limit to lower limit gives significant difference both in formation of deformationinduced martensite and strain hardening. Especially, in room temperature tensile test,εand α′martensite was formed in the sample with C, Cr, Ni and Mn content close to lower limit, resulting in rapid increase in flow stress due to fast formation of α′ martensite. Moreover ,ε martensite was coexisted with α′ martensite during initial strain at liquid nitrogen temperature , but ε martensite was disappeared when volume fraction of α′ martensite was increased to about 70%.
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