为制备氧化硅多孔陶瓷,尝试了快速冷冻干燥法,探索了氧化硅浆体的分散剂和pH值对孔结构的影响.结果表明:使用0.1wt％六偏磷酸钠作为分散剂时,孔壁处团聚现象明显;改用聚甲基丙烯酸钠团聚显著减少.主要原因是氧化硅表面的Si-OH可能与六偏磷酸钠络合成Si-Na4P6O18-,但其在水中易断裂,减弱了颗粒之间排斥力,未能抑制团聚;而聚甲基丙烯酸钠吸附在氧化硅表面,可能形成Si-C4H5O2等空间位阻抑制团聚.在聚甲基丙烯酸钠的基础上再调节浆体pH值至～10使氧化硅的zeta电位达到～-60 mV,可更好抑制团聚.综上所述冻干法适合制备开口通孔结构的多孔氧化硅陶瓷.
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