研究了羧基碳纳米管(CNT-COOH)增强酚醛泡沫复合材料的制备工艺、微观结构、压缩性能和热性能,并结合红外光谱和泡沫在不同压缩应变下的变形破坏形貌,探讨了CNT-COOH对酚醛泡沫的增强机制.结果表明,CNT-COOH作为异相成核剂,使酚醛泡沫泡孔的平均尺寸减小,泡孔密度增大;随着酚醛泡沫中CNT-COOH含量增加,CNT-COOH/酚醛泡沫复合材料的压缩模量和压缩强度提高.红外分析表明,CNT-COOH可能未与酚醛泡沫发生固化反应.CNT-COOH/酚醛泡沫复合材料在不同压缩应变下的SEM分析表明,CNT-COOH位于泡孔的孔壁上,并通过CNT-COOH/酚醛泡沫的界面传载作用承受了一定载荷,增强了泡沫的力学性能.热重分析和垂直燃烧试验表明,CNT-COOH作为稳定剂,降低了泡沫的热降解速率,使其热稳定性和阻燃性能均略有提高.
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