对低碳钢在Ae3以上进行了单道次快速大形变量变形,测定了材料在高温变形前后的室温拉伸曲线并观察其断口形貌.对结果的分析表明,低碳钢在Ae3以上的温度发生形变诱导铁索体相变,是形成超细晶粒(3μm左右)的主要原因.应变速率大于0.1 s-1时,可诱导形成铁索体晶粒,且随着应变速率的提高铁素体分数增加而晶粒尺寸减小;当应变速率大于10 s-1时铁素体分数达到饱和,晶粒尺寸的变化不大.与先共析铁索体相比,形变诱导铁素体的强度和硬度大大提高,低碳钢Q235的屈服强度由250 MPa左右提高到510 MPa,抗拉强度则达到615 MPa,而形变诱导铁索体的塑性有所降低,但仍保持较高的水平.
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