目前,国内外锌电积阳极材料主要是铅合金复合阳极.铅合金阳极制作工艺简单、成本低、使用方便、能回收,但存在机械强度差、易短路、析氧过电位高、电能消耗高、铅污染阴极锌等问题.综述了国内外锌电积过程用铅基合金复合阳极的研究现状,主要针对析氧过电位、耐腐蚀性、电催化活性等对阳极性能的影响因素进行归纳总结,如阳极合金成分(Ca、Co等)、阳极基体(Pb、Al等)、不同制备和处理方式(轧制、铸造、电沉积、极化时间等)和电解液成分环境(如添加剂、Mn2+、Co2+等).最后,对锌电积用新型阳极的发展作出了展望.
Currently,anodic materials mainly include lead alloy anodes in electrowinning zinc.The production process is simple,low cost and easy to recycle for lead alloys anodes.But the poor mechanical strength is easy to lead to short-circuit and high oxygen evolution overpotential,which may bring to high energy consumption.Besides,lead corrosion reduces the quality of cathode zinc.This paper summarized the research status of various lead-based composite anodes.The effects of the main factors on oxygen evolution overpotential,corrosion resistance,electrical catalytic activity and so on were summed up,including anode alloying elements (Ca,Co),anode substrate (Pb,A1),different preparation and processing of anodes (rolling,casting,electrodeposition and polarization time) and element and environment of electrolyte (additives,Mn2+,Co2+).Finally,the research and development of new anodes were prospected.
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