以硫酸为表面修饰剂,采用浸渍法对天然石墨进行表面修饰改性.傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)分析结果表明,硫酸表面修饰的天然石墨表面-OH和C=C消失,-COO-数量增多.电化学性能测试结果表明,经硫酸表面修饰的天然石墨的循环性能和倍率性能均得到提高.经3 mol/L H2SO4处理12h的天然石墨(NGS3)在0.5C下20次循环后脱锂容量为320.5 mA·h/g;而未经表面修饰的天然石墨(NG)在相同条件下的脱锂容量仅为299.9mA·h/g.采用交流阻抗谱对石墨进行嵌脱锂动力学研究,结果显示,经硫酸表面修饰的天然石墨膜电阻(RSEI)和电荷转移电阻(Rct)均减小,膜电容(CsEI)和双电层电容(CCPE)增加,多次循环后RSEI保持稳定,NG的活化能(Ea)为87.7kJ/mol,NGS3的Ea为77.2 kJ/mol,表明H2SO4修饰有利于锂离子去溶剂化能力的提高,并有利于形成稳定的固体电解质界面(Solid electrolyte interface,SEI).
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