在超声挤出反应装置中,研究了超声引发作用下马来酸酐(MAH)与HDPE、LLDPE及EPDM的熔融接枝反应.通过化学滴定法、红外光谱法、特性粘度法和熔体流动速率(MFR)测定法等,探讨了超声强度、体系组成及温度条件对接枝产物的性能及结构的影响.结果表明,超声振动能引起接枝产物粘均分子量明显下降和接枝率的明显上升,接枝率和熔体流动速率(MFR)取决于体系中的超声强度、MAH含量及接枝温度.通过调控可制得具有较高接枝率、较好熔体流动性和凝胶含量≤0.7%的HDPE-g-MAH(接枝率≥0.6%, MFR=0.5 g/10 min～2.0 g/10 min)、LLDPE-g-MAH (接枝率≥0.45%, MFR=4 g/10 min～7 g/10 min)和EPDM-g-MAH (接枝率≥0.45%, MFR=0.2 g/10 min) 产物.与采用过氧类引发剂引发接枝比较,本方法具有可避免交联副反应和接枝产物性能易于控制优点
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