获得晶体及提高晶体质量是蛋白质结晶方法学中的两大基本问题.为解决这两个问题,结构生物学家已发展了许多方法,其中针对蛋白质本身进行分子改造是非常重要的方法之一.通过蛋白质工程技术,如定点突变、还原甲基化修饰、剪切或删除构象柔性环区、融合蛋白、复合物共结晶、原位蛋白质水解等方法对蛋白质本身进行分子改造,可明显提高其结晶成功率及晶体质量.随着该方面成功案例的不断积累,分子改造技术越来越凸显出其在蛋白质结构解析中的重要作用,特别是对一些难以结晶或提高晶体质量的蛋白质而言,其应用价值更不可忽视.针对近年来分子改造技术在蛋白质结晶中的应用进行了回顾与总结,并展望了其未来的发展.
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