以柠檬酸、EDTA为络合剂,CoCl2、SnCl4为主盐的基础电解液,首先在基础电解液中加入硬碳制备Sn-Co-C复合电极材料.SEM观察表明获得的Sn-Co-C复合电极表面为镶嵌C小颗粒的菜花状结构,C物理夹杂在Sn-Co合金中,硬碳的引入使得电极材料的循环性能得到提高,首次充放电比容量分别为563.8和763.2 mA·h/g,而经过50次循环后充放电比容量分别为400.3和416.2 mA·h/g.然后,在基础电解液中加入甲酸,在聚苯乙烯微球(PS)为模板的辅助下制备孔状结构Sn-Co-C复合材料.获得的材料中Sn、Co、C的原子比分别为36.87%,2.82%,20.61%.充放电测试结果表明,孔状结构的Sn-Co-C电极表现出更好的循环性能,首次充放电比容量分别为821.1和946.6 mA·h/g,循环第50次后充放电比容量为401和457.6 mA·h/g,循环第60次后充放电比容量为349.7和401.5 mA·h/g,放电比容量达到400 mA·h/g以上.
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