以石墨泡沫为代表的新型多孔功能材料具有低密度、高孔隙率、高导热性能等优良特性,因而受到广泛关注和研究.多孔材料的有效导热系数与孔隙结构有关,通常用孔隙率作为结构参数,但实际多孔材料的孔隙分布大多是非均匀的、随机的,因此单一的孔隙率不足以描述其孔隙结构.提出一种2D随机结构的多孔泡沫导热模型,根据大样本的有限元法数值模拟结果,指出非均质多孔泡沫的有效导热系数可表示为孔隙率和孔隙均匀度的函数.
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