根据金属结晶的热力学和动力学理论,对采用阳极弧放电等离子体方法制备金属纳米粉的生长过程建立了一个近似的理论模型.研究了等离子体的产生、金属的蒸发、晶核的形成和生长机理.对影响纳米粉性能的各种工艺参数进行了理论分析.并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和相应选区电子衍射(ED)对样品的晶体结构、形貌、粒度及其分布进行表征.结果表明:采用阳极弧等离子体法制备的球形镍纳米粒子纯度高,晶格结构与相应的块体物质相同,为fcc结构的晶态,平均粒度为16 nm,粒度范围分布在10 nm～40 nm.电源功率、电弧电流、气体压力及冷却温度是影响晶核的形成和生长的主要因素.通过适当调整各项工艺参数,可有效地控制粒子的粒度.
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