介绍了硅胶仿生合成中硅前体和有机大分子添加剂的类型及其作用机制,重点讨论了纳米硅胶仿生合成的影响因素.硅前体主要影响硅胶形成的动力学速度,对于一定的硅前体,尤其是有机硅前体,溶液的pH、预水解时间、硅前体的浓度、反应时间、反应温度和搅拌速率等都是控制硅胶产物形成的因素.有机大分子添加剂主要对硅胶的晶核形成和长大起到定向模板的诱导作用,是决定硅胶粒子大小、结构和形态的主要因素,来自生物体或仿生合成的有机聚阳离子或能与硅氧离子形成氢键的聚合物是理想的添加剂类型.反应介质的性质能对有机大分子添加剂的诱导作用产生一定的影响.
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