贝壳珍珠层中文石晶体的择优取向是其具有独特力学性能的重要原因．本文采用Ｘ射线衍射方法对我国主要育珠贝（蚌）的贝壳珍珠层中文石晶体的择优取向进行了较系统的研究，结果表明：海水马氏珍珠贝、大珠母贝及企鹅珍珠贝贝壳珍珠层中文石晶体ｃ轴垂直珍珠层面定向排列；淡水三角帆蚌壳珍珠层文石晶体有两种明显择优取向，一种ｃ轴垂直珍珠层层面，另一种ｃ轴与层面斜交，其（０１２）面网方向与层面平行．
The preferential orientations of aragonite crystals in nacre of shells are considered to be one of the most important reasons responsible for high
mechanical performance of nacre. Based on the X-ray diffraction analysis, the preferential orientations of aragonite crystals in nacre from shells of main
pearl-cultivating molluscs of China were systematically studied. It shows that 1): in nacre of Pinctada martensii (Dunker), Pinctada maxima (Jameson), Peteria
penguin (Roding) the c axis of aragonite crystals is all perpendicular to nacreous layers; 2):?in nacre of Hyriopsis cuningii (Lea) shell, there exist two kinds of orientation,
one is the c axis of aragonite perpendicular to nacreous layers, the second is inclined to nacreous layers, i. e. (012) net of aragonite lattice is parallel to nacreous layers.
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