采用第一原理赝势平面波方法研究了NiAl-X(X为3d过渡金属)合金体系的几何与电子结构.通过合金形成能的计算与分析发现:合金化元素的外层价电子数对其在B2-NiAl中的占位有非常明显的影响,低价电子数的前过渡金属Sc、Ti、V与后过渡金属Zn主要占据Al原子位,具有未满d壳层高价电子数的Mn、Fe、Co则主要占据Ni原子位,而含有半满或满d壳层的Cr与Cu,则既可占据Ni原子位也可占据Al原子位,但倾向于占据Ni原子位.随着合金化元素外层价电子数的增加,3d过渡金属优先占据Ni原子位的趋势增大,至Mn时达到最大,然后随着价电子数的进一步增加,这种趋势逐渐减小.通过对这些合金化元素价电子态密度图的变化,说明3d过渡金属在B2-NiAl中的占位优先趋势.
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