通过对铸态、固溶、固溶+实效处理后的TiAl-Nb合金进行蠕变性能测试及组织形貌观察,研究了不同工艺对合金组织与蠕变性能的影响.结果表明,铸态TiAl-Nb合金的组织由层片状γ/α2两相组成,具有锯齿状不规则形态的晶界位于不同取向的层片状团簇之间,其晶界区域为单一γ相非层片状组织.经1320℃/0.5 h(油冷)+1250℃/8 h(炉冷)后,合金获得了规则、平直且均匀分布的层片状γ/α2两相组织,并消除了近晶界区域的非层片状γ单相,可明显提高合金的蠕变抗力.在800℃/200 MPa蠕变条件下,铸态合金的蠕变寿命是147 h,经固溶+时效处理后,合金的蠕变寿命提高到297 h,在施加800 ～ 840℃温度和200～240 MPa应力范围内,测定出热处理态合金在稳态蠕变期间的表观蠕变激活能为432 kJ/mol.在高温蠕变期间,铸态合金的蠕变应变主要发生在近晶界区域的非层片状单一γ相内;蠕变期间,固溶+时效态合金中的裂纹在与应力轴成45°角、且平行于层片状结构的晶界处萌生,并沿晶界扩展,是合金在蠕变期间的主要断裂机制.
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