以间苯二酚、甲醛为原料,添加适量的十二烷基苯磺酸钠,再加入不同浓度的乙酸镍溶液,在85℃水浴中聚合;经溶胶-凝胶、溶剂置换、常压干燥和1000℃氮气气氛下热解,得到负载不同含量金属Ni的炭气凝胶.利用透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电境(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积及孔径分析(BET)和直流充放电测试等手段,对比讨论了负载不同含量金属Ni对炭气凝胶的结构和性能的影响.结果表明,这种方法可以均匀地将Ni纳米粒子分散于炭气凝胶中;适量的金属Ni可使发气凝胶的比表面积及充放电性能得到显著提高;如负载Ni含量过高则炭气凝胶石墨化程度增加.
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