本文以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)作为混合硅源,通过两步溶胶-壤胶法和常压干燥工艺制备出轻质多孔的SiO2气凝胶,并采用凝胶时间的测定、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和BET吸附等手段对SiO2气凝胶进行了表征,研究了水和前驱比(物质的量)、乙醇(EtOH)和前驱体比(物质的量)、碱浓度对溶胶-凝胶过程和SiO2气凝胶性能的影响.实验结果表明:前驱体:H2O∶ EtOH∶ HCl∶ HH4OH的物质的量为1∶4∶6∶1.8×10-3∶0.144时制备出的SiO2气凝胶性能最优,其密度、比表面积、孔容和平均孔径分别为0.15 g·cm-3、944m2 ·g-1、2.264cm3·g-1和9.592 nm.
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