本文综述了近年来国际上弛豫型铁电体PZNT的制备与介电、压电及电致伸缩性能研究的进展．PZNT单晶体的制备方法以高温PbO熔剂法为主，其尺寸已达40mm．随PT含量的变化，PZNT的顺电一铁电相交由弥散性、混合型变为一级相变；其铁电-铁电相变可由组份或电场诱导，由介电性能表征．压电性能在MPB处及偏向三方相一侧达到最佳，＜001＞切向的三方相与四方相单晶可分别作为频带宽、分辨率高、且阻抗匹配好的新一代声阵列与单个器件传感器．＜001＞向的PZNT单晶具有巨大的电致伸缩应变，可望成为高性能的固体驱动器．
The present paper reviews the recent progress in studies on fabrication and dielectric piezoelectric and electrostrictive properties
of relaxor ferroelectric PZNT. The dominant method of fabrication of PZNT is the PbO flux method at high temperature, by which the single
crystals with size of 40mm have been grown. Studies on their dielectric properties indicated that the behavior of phase transition of PZNT crystals
would vary from diffused, mixed to first order transition type with the increase of PT concentration. The rhombohedral-tetragonal ferroelectric
phase transition is also diffused which can be induced by composition or electric field. Single crystals with their composition at MPB or in the
rhombohedral phase region near MPB have extremely strong piezoelectric properties. The <001> oriented rhombohedral and tetragonal crystals
are respectively suitable for acoustic arrays and single element sensors and actuators with broader bandwidth, improved sensitivity and optimum
impedance matching. Crystallographically, high strains are achieved for <001> oriented rhombohedral crystals and their levels reach an order of
magnitude of those available from conventional piezoelectric and electrostrictive ceramics such as PZT series and PMNT ceramics, which make these crystals
as promising candidates for high performance solid actuators.
参考文献
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