采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、磁力显微镜(MFM)和原位X射线衍射(XRD)等探讨Sm2Co17型稀土永磁材料的胞状结构、畴结构和相结构及其对磁性能的影响,制备使用温度为500 ℃的高温稀土永磁材料.结果表明,Sm(CoFe0.11Cu0.10Zr0.03)7.5具有很好的高温稳定性,500 ℃时的磁性能为:Br=0.708 T,Hci=646.7 kA/m,BHmax=85.4 kJ/m3;其磁畴宽度远小于晶粒尺寸,但大于胞状结构的尺寸,使用温度较高的磁体具有较小的磁畴和胞状结构;当使用温度小于300 ℃时,Sm2Co17型磁体内存在的相结构为2-17R、2-17H和1-5相,矫顽力主要受1-5相的钉扎而产生;当300 ℃＜t＜tc1:5时,部分1-5相转变成中间相并最终转变成2-7相,磁体的矫顽力将由1-5相钉扎和2-7相形核所控制;当t≥tc1:5时,磁体的矫顽力将全部由非磁性1-5相和2-7相形核所控制.
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