The finite element simulation uses an indenting wedge (apex angle, 136-degrees) as a two-dimensional approximation of the actual Vickers pyramid. The model assumes isotropic properties for the layer and substrate materials and an elastoplastic behaviour with a work-hardening characteristic. The stress distribution and the plastic deformation zone inside the layer as well as across the interface between film and substrate were calculated, Load-dependent Vickers hardness numbers obtained on TiN coatings, 8-mu-m thick on high speed steel, were compared with the finite element prediction for the wedge-shaped indenter. In the experiments results for the composite microhardness, the cross-sectional morphology of the residual impression and information on the quality of the interface adhesion were obtained. By the comparison of calculated and experimental hardness numbers, the yield stress of the TiN layer was found to be approximately 6 GPa.
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