采用硅树脂为先驱体,利用先驱体转化法与添加造孔剂法相结合制备SiOC泡沫陶瓷.通过对造孔剂聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)和硅树脂的热分析制定温度曲线,研究了裂解温度、造孔剂含量对泡沫陶瓷抗压强度及孔隙率的影响,采用XRD、SEM及EDS对SiOC泡沫陶瓷进行了物相、微观结构和成分分析.结果表明,在1000～1400 ℃温度范围内,随着温度的升高,泡沫陶瓷的抗压强度先升高后降低,而孔隙率逐渐降低;造孔剂含量对泡沫陶瓷的性能也有明显的影响,随着造孔剂含量的增加,试样的抗压强度逐渐减小,而孔隙率逐渐增大.当裂解温度为1250 ℃,PVB的含量为50%(质量分数,下同)时,所制得的泡沫陶瓷的抗压强度为52.3 MPa,孔隙率为72%.XRD研究表明,随着温度的逐步升高,硅树脂的裂解产物发生了由非晶态向晶态的转变.微观结构分析显示,SiOC泡沫陶瓷呈三维网状结构,微孔分布较均匀.
The SiOC ceramic foam was prepared using silicon resin as raw material and polyvinyl butyral as pore-forming agent. The sintering process was made by the TG-DSC curve analysis of polyvinyl butyral(PVB) and silicon resin. The effect of the pyrolysis temperature and the content of pore-forming agent on the compression strength and porosity of ceramic foam was studied, the phase of pyrolyzate were characterized by XRD and the microstructure and component were analyzed by SEM and EDX. The result reveals, with the increase of the content of pore-forming agent, the porosity increases and the compression strength decreases. Between 1000 ℃ and 1400 ℃, with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the compression strength increases first and then decreases, and the porosity decreases continually. Compression strength and porosity are 52.3 MPa and 72% respectively when the content of polyvinyl butyral and the pyrolysis temperature are 50wt% and 1250 ℃ respectively. With the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the pyrolyzates of silicon resin transformed from amorphous to crystal material between 1100～1400 ℃. Microstructure study reveals the foam ceramics had three-dimensional web structures and uniform pores.
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