Wingkei Ho
催化学报
doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(15)61003-8
由于人们80%的时间呆在室内,室内空气的质量直接影响人类健康,因此近年来室内空气质量越来越受到人们的关注.室内污染物包括CO氮氧化物(NOx)和挥发性有机化合物(VOCs),它们给人体健康带来众多负面影响.更为重要的是,考虑到节能,现代建筑的空气密闭性大都较高,但这种减少吸入新鲜空气的设计直接导致室内各种污染物的累积.有些家用电器,如燃气灶和热水器,在使用的时候会涉及到煤、油和天然气的燃烧,特别是通风较差的情况下会成为室内主要的污染源.常规的治理技术,包括吸附和过滤,其成本相对较高,也不适用于低浓度污染物的治理.尤其是更换不及时的过滤器在排风系统中可能会成为VOCs的一个来源.因此,很有必要开发一种新型的技术以降低室内污染物的浓度和保持一个清洁的室内空气环境,从而保障人们的身体健康.光催化是去除室内空气污染物的有效方法.例如, TiO2、钛酸铋和钛酸锶等具有强氧化能力和稳定的光催化活性,因而是高效的光催化剂.一般而言,通常报道的TiO2光催化剂是高度分散的、或悬浮于液体介质中的细小颗粒或粉末.然而,粉末状的TiO2光催化剂不适宜于室内空气净化,因为它变得可吸入而对人体健康造成不利的影响.因此,人们尝试将TiO2颗粒作为薄膜固定在不同的刚性载体上,如玻璃、不锈钢和铝合金板.对基体进行涂覆可显著影响光催化时反应物的表面吸附行为.一般而言,光催化薄膜通常涂覆在平面上,如蜂窝空气过滤器.三维(3D)多孔的陶瓷泡沫对气体通过具有非常好的流体性质,因此本文以它作为涂覆的基体.这种陶瓷泡沫具有3D多孔结构,多种孔密度、比表面积和化学性质.3D多孔陶瓷泡沫空气过滤器的床层空隙率较高,因此使用时压降较低,且不像蜂窝空气过滤器,它具有复杂多变的孔结构,可增强流体的扰动和混合.另外,3D多孔陶瓷泡沫空气过滤器的开发多孔和网状的结构使得在催化体系具有非常好的气体动力学性质,催化剂表面和气体反应物有充分的接触.多孔材料在液相或气相催化反应中具有独特的优势,因此,陶瓷泡沫、多孔的氧化铝、多孔硅胶.分子筛和活性炭经常被用作催化剂载体.在固体基体上TiO2膜的形成可能使得TiO2光催化剂的有效比表面积降低,从而导致其光催化活性下降.然而,由于具有中孔结构的TiO2薄膜的比表面积大,其用于催化反应的活性位也更多,因此使用时仍然具有较高的活性.前期研究表明,涂覆在平面玻璃、不锈钢和氧化铝基体上的中孔TiO2薄膜用于环境净化时表现出增强的光催化效率.另外,室内环境中NO和NO2的浓度一般分别为几百个ppb之内和100 ppb以下.可见, NO是主要的室内空气污染物,对人体健康危害较大.基于此,本文首次采用反胶束法将中孔锐钛矿TiO2薄膜均匀一地涂覆在3D多孔高比表面积的泡沫过滤器上,采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱、N2吸附-脱附、紫外-可见光光谱和原子力显微镜对所制样品进行了表征,并将样品用于紫外光下催化降解NO,以揭示所制的中孔TiO2涂层具有高的比表面积和高的光催化活性,从而克服使用TiO2粉末所带来的不足.结果表明,由于中孔TiO2薄膜涂层具有较大的有效比表面积,其表面存在很多吸附活性位,用于吸附在反应过程中形成的水蒸汽、气相反应物和产物,因而具有更高的光催化活性,因此在陶瓷泡沫空气净化系统中可以高效地光催化NO降解：在所考察的不同孔密度的陶瓷泡沫过滤器涂覆的TiO2上400 ppb的NO单程转化率均在92.5%以上,高于涂覆在平面陶瓷砖上的TiO2.该陶瓷过滤器的3D多孔特性可增强流体的扰动和混合,使得气相反应物与光催化剂表面有着充分的接触；其大的孔密度也导致高的光催化速率.另外,本文所制样品在所有反应过程中均保持较高且稳定的NO降解速率,这表明其在NO降解反应中没有失活.
关键词:
二氧化钛
,
光催化
,
陶瓷
,
一氧化氮
,
涂覆
Journal of Alloys and Compounds
The phase diagram of the Ho-Ni binary system was investigated by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, optical microscopy and electron probe microanalysis techniques. The existence of eight intermediate phases has been confirmed: Ho3Ni, Ho3Ni2, HoNi, HoNi2, HoNi3, HO2Ni7, HoNi5, and Ho2Ni17. The homogeneity region of the HoNi2 phase extends from 65.6 to 66.7 at.% Ni. The other phases are line compounds. No appreciable solid solubility of holmium in nickel or of nickel in holmium was observed. Ho3Ni2 exists in two structural modifications depending on the temperature. HoNi and HoNi5 melt congruently at 1060 and 1370-degrees-C respectively. There are seven peritectic reactions and three eutectic reactions in this system.
关键词:
intermetallic compounds
王燕
,
常勇
,
殷绍唐
,
王晓光
,
曹余惠
人工晶体学报
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-985X.2002.04.014
本文采用Boltzmann分布近似,计算了不同温度下Tm→Ho的净能量转移;计算了实验中不同温度下Ho3+离子的荧光发射强度在整个Tm-Ho体系荧光发射中的比例.我们的实验和计算表明,对Tm-Ho准三能级体系采用Boltzmann分布近似,其计算结果是可信的.
关键词:
Cr,Tm,Ho∶YAG晶体
,
Boltzmann分布近似
,
能量转移效率
Materials Letters
The effect of various holmium content on the microstructure and compressive behavior of NiAl-28Cr-6Mo-0.15Hf eutectic alloy has been investigated by using combination of SEM, TEM and compression test. The results suggest that appropriate Ho addition improves the compressive ductility at room temperature and the high temperature strength at 1273 K of the alloy significantly. In addition, lamellar microstructure inside of eutectic cell and eutectic cell get refinement gradually, but the intercellular region become coarse, with increase of Ho content. Furthermore, Ni2Al3Ho phase, with hexagonal cristal structure, is observed in the alloy. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
关键词:
NiAl-based alloy;microstructure;mechanical properties;mechanical-properties;composites;toughness;cr
赵业权
,
徐悟生
,
徐衍岭
,
杨春晖
,
徐玉恒
人工晶体学报
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-985X.1998.01.011
在生长LiNbO3晶体过程中掺进ZnO和Ho2O3,生长出Zn:Ho:LiNbO3晶体.测试了Zn:Ho:LiNbO3晶体的双折射梯度、光损伤阈值、吸收光谱和荧光光谱.研究表明,Zn:Ho:LiNbO3晶体是优良的激光介质材料.
关键词:
Zn:Ho:LiNbO3晶体
,
光损伤阈值
,
荧光光谱
,
吸收光谱
,
引上法晶体生长
,
激光晶体
Journal of Alloys and Compounds
We have studied the magnetic properties of Ho2Co17-xGax compounds (x less than or equal to 7) by means of magnetic measurements and X-ray diffraction on magnetically aligned powders. The Curie temperature and the spontaneous moment decrease strongly with increasing Ga concentration. The compounds that are magnetically ordered at roam temperature have an easy magnetisation direction at room temperature which is perpendicular to the c-direction. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A.
关键词:
rare earth compounds;Co rich compounds;magnetic properties
成诗恕
,
程艳
,
赵呈春
,
李东振
,
徐晓东
,
徐军
人工晶体学报
采用中频感应提拉法成功生长出Yb (15 at%),Ho (1 at%):YAG激光晶体,研究了室温下晶体的吸收光谱,发射光谱特性和荧光寿命.吸收光谱中在938 nm处存在Yb3+的吸收带,能与InGaAs 激光二极管(LD)有效耦合,适合激光管二极抽运.荧光光谱中存在两个荧光主峰,分别位于1907 nm和2091 nm附近.研究表明:Yb,Ho:YAG晶体是一种有发展前景的激光增益介质.
关键词:
Yb,Ho:YAG晶体
,
提拉法
,
晶体生长
,
光谱特性
Applied Physics Letters
The compound Ho(2)In exhibits two successive magnetic phase transitions: a spin-reorientation transition at T(SR)=32 K and a magnetic-ordering transition at T(C)=85 K. The maximum reversible -Delta S(M) values are 6.3 and 11.2 J/kg K at T(SR) and T(C), respectively, for a field change of 5 T. These two -Delta S(M) peaks with the same sign are partly overlapping, which results in a wide temperature interval with appreciable magnetocaloric effect. The results on Ho(2)In indicate that materials with successive SR and magnetic-ordering transitions may constitute an important new class of magnetic refrigerants since they work in a wider temperature range than the conventional refrigerant materials.
关键词:
holmium alloys;indium alloys;magnetic cooling;magnetic moments;magnetic transitions;magnetic refrigeration;diffraction;capacity;heat
Journal of Applied Physics
A series of orthorhombic manganites Gd(1-x)Ho(x)MnO(3) (0 <= x <= 0.5) are synthesized. The Ho doping leads to a transition of paraelectric phase into ferroelectric one, making Gd(1-x)Ho(x)MnO(3) multiferroic. It is argued that the enhanced electric polarization originates from the transition of the A-type Mn(3+) anti-ferromagnetic state into the spiral spin order driven by the reduction of Mn-O-Mn bond angle due to the doping. The noncollinear spin order of the A-site Ho(3+) spins at high doping level may also make contribution to the polarization. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3535543]
关键词:
polarization;perovskite
